Glass fibre was first invented by Rene Ferchault de Reaumur. Large-scale production was not carried out until the end of the eighteenth century. It has not been technically possible to weave the thin glass fibers or fibers as silk. After the eighteenth century, until 1935, the Owens-Illinois Glass Company also remained as a composite material that was neglected until the glass fibre was turned into a yarn. The composite material was first used in the aviation industry in 1942. Since then, S-2 type glass fibre has been rapidly used in many commercial applications.

The development of fiberglass or glass fibre, shooting methods and technology has also been very effective.
Their sophisticated use is still not long. After 1942, it gave life to the poor plastic and insulation materials, but after the 1950s and 60s, it has been the main component of modern life in many areas ranging from surface, roof and facade cladding to the textile sector, automotive industry, aircraft production and even armor making. .

Main Glass Fiber Classes and Uses
If it is necessary to classify the glass fibers in the first place, it is possible to classify them as general and special. The most well-known formula, e-glass fiber, is commercially referred to as "glass fiber". Other types of glass fibers are called special types.

S-glass, D-glass, A-glass, ECR-glass, ultra pure silica fibers, hollow fibers and trilobal fibers etc. special purpose glass fibers. These types have many varieties within themselves.
The types of glass fibers, called A, C, D, E, Advantex, ECR, AR, R, S-2, M, T, Z, are the fiber (fiber or fiber) types most commonly used to form composite materials. Composite materials formed by using these glass fibers are generally named as fiberglass materials.

Raw Materials Used for Producing Glass Fibre (Fiber)
The basic substance that forms the glass fiber is actually known glass. The difference between the glass in nature is the soda-lime or borax silicates. (Silicate: oxygen and silicon is the largest in the mineral group containing the elements.)
Soda-lime glass is produced by dissolving the limestone (CaC2), soda (Na2CO2) and sand (SiO2) at temperatures around 1400-1500 °C.
Aluminum, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Barium, Lithium, Mixed Alkalis, Zirconium, Titanium, iron containing oxides or fluorine are added to the glass produced and commercial glass fiber production is provided and the desired properties are given according to the usage areas.
The following table shows the major types and types of glass fibers:

Description of Glass Fibre Types

A-Glass Fibre
Fiberglass is the first type of glass used for. A-glass fiber, alkali-lime or soda lime glass is broken glass fiber which is broken and ready to break. Alkali lime is glass fibers. They can be boron doped or unadulterated. Alkaline oxide compounds are present in their composition of not less than 0.8 percent. E-type glass fibers expected durability, structural stability and electrical strength are not required in cases where soda lime silicate glass is produced by adding content.

C- Glass Fibre
It is a type of glass fiber containing calcium borosilicate which provides structural equilibrium in corrosive environments. The pH value of the chemicals that are contacted provides high resistance to glass fibers, whether in alkali or acid.

D- Glass Fibre
An important type of glass fiber is D-type glass fiber. Boron contains the trioxide compound intensively. Boron trioxide is used as a starting material for the synthesis of other boron compounds such as boron carbide in the production of fluids for glass and enamels, and in the production of heat resistance and thermal shock resistance borosilicate glasses.
In addition, one of the most important uses of boron trioxide is to use it as a glass fiber additive in the formation of fibers for use in the construction of optical cables. Boron trioxide provides a low dielectric constant to this type of glass fiber. This makes the glass fiber an ideal fiber for the application of optical cables such as heat resistance and electrical conduction in the electromagnetism applications.

E- Glass Fibre
Generally used to be called Glass Fiber. Aluminum boron silicate glass fibers containing alkali oxide components such as aluminum oxide, less than 1% or less than 0.8%. So it contains very little alkali. It is the most widely used glass fiber formula in the world. Although developed for electronic applications, they are used in many areas today. Combined with thermoset resins, it has led to glass reinforced plastic production. Glass reinforced plastic panels and sheets are used extensively in almost all industrial areas of modern life. It is used in more and more sectors every day thanks to its achievements in protecting its structural integrity against mechanical impacts and mechanical effects. They don't melt in heat, but they're soft.

ADVANTEX Type Glass Fibre
It was launched in the early 1990s. Even though the cost is almost as much as the cost of E-Type glass fiber, it is also the glass fiber which provides the advantages of the glass fiber glass-free ECR type. Calcium aluminum silicates were used to contain a high proportion of calcium oxides such as the same ECR glass fiber. Calcium is formed using aluminum silicates, calcium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen and water. It is used for high corrosion resistance, especially in applications exposed to corrosion. Advantex fibers are used in the oil, oil and gas industry, power plants, mining industry, and in marine applications in wastewater and sewage systems.

ECR Glass Fibre
It is also called electronic glass fiber. It has a good waterproofing ratio, high mechanical strength, electrical acidic and alkali corrosion resistance. It shows better properties than E-Type glass fiber. The biggest advantage is a more environmentally friendly glass fiber.
Manufacturers add B2O3 (boron three oxides) and fluorine to the glass heaps to simplify E-type glass fiber production. During the process, B2O3 and volatile fluorine containing particles are released into the atmosphere. This causes environmental pollution. ECR glass fiber is free of boron and fluorine. In addition, ECR glass fiber has better mechanical properties, higher heat resistance, waterproof resistance, lower electrical leakage rate and higher surface resistance than E-glass fiber. It is used in transparent GRP panel applications. ECR glass fiber has been produced under ASTM-D578-1999 since January 2005.

AR-GLASS Glass Fibre
Alkali Resistant (AR: Alkali Resistant) Glass Fibers are specially designed for concrete construction. They contain alkaline zirconium silicates. They are effective to prevent concrete cracking. This adds strength and flexibility to concrete. They are also used for asbestos changes. They have alkali strength and strength. It is very difficult to dissolve in water. Not affected by pH changes. They are easily added to stainless steel and concrete mixtures.
Intensive Magnesium and Calcium added fibers. Ideal for applications with high acidic strength and mechanical strength.

R, S or T-glass fibers are trade names of equivalent fibers having better tensile strength and modulus than E-type glass fibers. Higher acidic strength and wetting properties are obtained with a smaller filament diameter.
Developed for the aerospace and defense industries and used in some rigid ballistic armor applications. This means a low production volume and relatively high price.

S-2 Glass Fibre
The S-2 type is the top level of the highest-performing fibers available. They are produced with a higher silica level than standard glass fiber products. In summary, more dense silica is used in their production. S-2 type glass fibers for the textile and composite industry offer the ultimate in physical properties such as high strength and compressive strength, high temperature resistance and improved impact resistance.

M-Glass Fibre
M-type glass fibers containing beryllium are used when high elasticity is desired.

T-Glass Fibre
The content strength of the T-glass fiber is essentially the same as the C-glass fiber. North-American variation of C-glass fiber.

Z-Glass Fibre
They are used in different industries, such as concrete reinforcement, to create transparent-looking products, or to create 3D printer fibers. They have high temperature, UV, mechanical wear, scratch, salt, acid, alkali resistance.
As it will be seen, we are looking to handle the fibers of the glass fibers of a certain type.
We at Polser A.Ş. We are continuing our R & D studies for GRP panels, plates and products which will be used in all areas of life, where glass fiber with infinite possibility and combination gives life.